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- Mao's communist
- party was, in its
- earliest days, allied
- to the Kuomintang
- (Sun Yat-Sen's nat-
- ionalist party ),
- against the Peking
- government and
- against provincial
- warlords. Initially,
- Mao saw urban
- workers as the best
- hope for the coming
- revolution, but later
- he began to see the
- political potential
- of the peasants
- #
- Sun Yat-Sen was one of the first influences on the the young Mao. But in 1919 at
- Peking University he became involved in politics, and turned from nationalism
- to Marxist ideas. In 1921 he helped found the Chinese Communist Party
- #
- By 1927 the
- alliance between
- the Communists had
- broken down. In the
- ensuing civil war,
- the Kuomintang, led
- by Chiang Kai-shek,
- fought to subdue
- military governors
- and capture Peking,
- while Mao led a few
- hundred peasants to
- establish a base
- in the mountains.
- This was the start
- of 22 years of rural
- guerrilla warfare
- #
- By 1931 Mao's Red
- Army had grown to
- 200,000. In 1934,
- surrounded by
- Kuomintang, Mao and
- his army escaped
- and made the 6000
- mile "Long March" to
- the north-west of
- China. But when
- Japan attacked the
- two factions united,
- and by 1937 they
- were fighting side
- by side against
- the common enemy
- #
- The hard-fought
- war between China
- and Japan proved
- vital to the success
- of the Chinese
- Communists. The
- Red Army gained
- experience of
- guerrilla warfare
- which enabled it to
- greatly expand its
- geographical base.
- And by resisting a
- foreign invader, the
- communists raised
- their support among
- ordinary Chinese
- #
- Chiang Kai-Shek was a fierce opponent of Mao in the civil war which followed
- the defeat of Japanese aggression. Diplomatic relations between Taiwan and
- the victorious communist state on the mainland have been troubled ever since
- @
- Mao was a great
- strategist and a
- communist thinker.
- He adapted the
- Russian communist
- tradition to Chinese
- conditions, a stance
- which eventually
- led to a split in the
- world communist
- movement. Like
- Lenin and Stalin,
- his every word was
- treated like holy
- writ inside his
- own country
- #
- After the war with
- Japan, Mao's battle-
- hardened armies
- turned on their one
- time allies, the
- Kuomintang. Mao
- enforced communist
- power across the
- country, and on
- September 21,1949
- as nationalist resi-
- stance collapsed,
- he proclaimed the
- People's Republic
- of China
- #
- The Fifties were
- chaotic. After a
- period of open
- debate called 'let
- a hundred flowers
- bloom' came the
- 'great leap for-
- ward', when the
- intellectuals who
- had taken part in
- the debate were
- forced into agri-
- cultural labour.
- There was famine.
- The same years
- saw the split with
- the USSR and the
- deification of
- 'Chairman' Mao
- #
- In 1966 the young
- 'Red Guard' carried
- out the cultural
- revolution, a reign
- of terror inspired
- by Mao's "little red
- book" of Marxist
- doctrine. A great
- many people were
- arrested, and count-
- less art treasures
- were desecrated.
- Though profoundly
- disruptive, the
- cultural revolution
- established a cult
- for Mao that lasted
- until his death
- #
- Mao's ultra-left
- allies during the
- cultural revolution
- included his wife,
- Jiang Qing, and
- the "Gang of Four".
- When Mao died,
- moderate leaders
- grabbed the chance
- for stability. In the
- ensuing power
- struggle Hua Kuo-
- feng, a moderate,
- prevailed over
- the Gang of Four.
- Criticism of the
- revered 'little red
- book' was a coded
- way to undermine
- Mao's old comrades
- #
- There was little
- political liberal-
- isation under
- Mao's ultimate
- successor, Deng
- Xiaoping. Mao is
- still honored, but
- his revolutionary
- philosophy has
- been abandoned
- in the pursuit of
- economic success.
- Modern China is
- still a communist,
- country, though
- hardly a Maoist one
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